Robert Dölle was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1971, and studied acting at the Otto Falckenberg School of the Performing Arts in Munich. In 1996 he joined the ensemble of the Munich Kammerspiele, where he appeared in productions directed by Dieter Dorn and Peter Zadek, among others. In 1999 he moved to the Schauspiel Frankfurt, where he worked with directors including Amélie Niermeyer, Jens-Daniel Herzog and Hans Falar. In 2001 he returned to the Munich Kammerspiele, appearing in productions by Jossi Wieler, Johan Simons and Karin Beier among others. From 2009 to 2019 Robert Dölle was a member of the Schauspiel Cologne, where he appeared in productions by Karin Beier, Stefan Bachmann, Alvis Hermanis, Christina Paulhofer, Rafael Sanchez, Sebastian Nübling, Nicolas Steman, Therese Willstedt and Roger Vontobel. Since 2019 he has been a member of the ensemble of the Residenztheater in Munich, where he was awarded the Kurt Meisel Prize in 2023.
Since 2002 Robert Dölle has also worked in film and television, most recently in the series Das Streben nach Glück, Die Füchsin and Greenlight. He was awarded the 2021 Star of the Year award by the Munich Abendzeitung for his role in Finsternis.